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<title>Classification yard</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Classification yard</span></span>

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<p>A <b>classification yard</b> (<a href="American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, as well as the <a href="Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>), <b>marshalling yard</b> (<a href="British_English" title="British English">British</a>, <a href="Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian</a>, and <a href="Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>, and the former <a href="Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>) or <b>shunting yard</b> (Central Europe) is a <a href="Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">railway yard</a> used to accumulate <a href="Railway_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway car">railway cars</a> on one of several tracks. First, a group of cars is taken to a track, sometimes called a <i>lead</i> or a <i>drill</i>. From there, the cars are sent through a series of <a href="Railway_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway switch">switches</a> called a <i>ladder</i> onto the classification tracks. Some larger yards may put the lead on an artificially built hill called a <i>hump</i> to use the force of gravity to propel the cars through the ladder.

</p><p>Freight trains that consist of unrelated cars must be made into a train grouped according to their destinations; this <a href="Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">shunting</a> is done at the starting point. Some trains drop and pick up cars along their route in classification yards or at industrial sidings. This is in contrast is a <a href="Unit_train" title="Unit train">unit train</a> that carries, for example, <a href="Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> from the <a href="Factory" title="Factory">plant</a> to a <a href="Port" title="Port">port</a>, or <a href="Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> from a <a href="Mining" title="Mining">mine</a> to the <a href="Power_station" title="Power station">power plant</a>.

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<p><b>Flat yards</b> are constructed on ground too flat to allow a free-fall operation. After a push by a locomotive, freight cars coast to their desired location.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gravity">Gravity</h2></div>

<p><b>Gravity yards</b> were invented in the 19th century, saving shunting engines and instead letting the cars roll by gravity was seen as a major benefit, whereas the larger amount of manual work required to stop the rolling cars in the classification tracks was judged to be not that important. Gravity yards were a historical step in the development of classification yards. They were later judged as inferior to hump yards because it became clear that shunting engines were needed anyway (at least in inclement weather like strong winds or icy temperatures when the oil in the bearings became thick) and because manual labor was becoming increasingly expensive. Thus, only a few gravity yards were ever built, sometimes requiring massive earthwork (one example is the first German gravity yard at Dresden). The historic technique of a gravity yard is today partly presented in <a href="Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a>-Hilbersdorf gravity yard (museum).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Most gravity yards were built in Germany (especially in the kingdom of <a href="Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>) and Great Britain (such as Edgehill, 1873),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a few also in some other European countries, for example <a href="%C5%81azy" title="Łazy">Łazy</a> yard near <a href="Zawiercie" title="Zawiercie">Zawiercie</a> on the <a href="Warsaw%E2%80%93Vienna_railway" title="Warsaw–Vienna railway">Warsaw–Vienna Railway</a> (in <a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>). In the US, there were very few old gravity yards; one of the few gravity yards in operation today is CSX's <a href="Readville_(MBTA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Readville (MBTA station)">Readville Yard</a> south of <a href="Boston%2C_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>.

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<p><b>Hump yards</b> are the largest and most effective classification yards, with the largest <a href="Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">shunting</a> capacity, often several thousand cars a day. They work similarly to gravity yards, but the falling gradient is limited to a small part of the yard, namely the hump. It is the heart of the yard—a lead track on a small hill over which an engine pushes the cars. Single cars, or a block of coupled cars, are uncoupled at or just before the crest of the hump and roll by gravity onto their destination tracks in the area of the yard where the cars are sorted, called the classification bowl.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first hump in Germany (Leipzig) was built in 1858 and in France (Saint-Etienne) in 1863.

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<p>The speed of the cars rolling down from the hump into the classification bowl must be regulated according to whether they are full or empty, heavy or light freight, varying number of axles, whether there are few or many cars on the classification tracks, and varying weather conditions, including temperature, wind speed, and direction. In regard to speed regulation, there are two types of hump yards—with or without mechanization by <a href="Retarder_(railroad)" title="Retarder (railroad)">retarders</a>. In the old non-retarder yards, braking was usually done in Europe by railroaders who laid skates onto the tracks. The skate or <a href="Wheel_chock" title="Wheel chock">wheel chock</a> was manually (or, in rare cases, mechanically) placed on one or both of the rails so that the treadles or rims of the wheel or wheels caused frictional retardation and resulted in the halting of the railway car. In the United States, riders in cars did this braking. In modern retarder yards, this work is done by mechanized "rail brakes," called retarders, which brake cars by gripping their wheels. They are operated either <a href="Pneumatics" title="Pneumatics">pneumatically</a> or <a href="Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulically</a>. Pneumatic systems are prevalent in the United States, <a href="France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="China" title="China">China</a>, while hydraulic systems are used in <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Classification bowls in Europe typically consist of 20 to 40 tracks, divided into several fans or balloons of tracks, usually with eight classification tracks following a retarder in each one, often 32 tracks altogether. In the United States, many classification bowls have more than 40 tracks, frequently divided into six to ten classification tracks in each balloon loop.

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<p><a href="Bailey_Yard" title="Bailey Yard">Bailey Yard</a> in <a href="North_Platte%2C_Nebraska" title="North Platte, Nebraska">North Platte, Nebraska</a>, United States, the world's largest classification yard, is a hump yard. Other large American hump yards include Argentine Yard in <a href="Kansas_City%2C_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City, Kansas</a>, Robert Young Yard in <a href="Elkhart%2C_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart, Indiana</a>, <a href="Belt_Railway_of_Chicago" title="Belt Railway of Chicago">Clearing Yard</a> in <a href="Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, Englewood Yard in <a href="Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and Waycross Rice Yard in <a href="Waycross%2C_Georgia" title="Waycross, Georgia">Waycross, Georgia</a>. Notably, in Europe, Russia, and China, all major classification yards are hump yards. Europe's largest hump yard is that of <a href="Maschen_Marshalling_Yard" title="Maschen Marshalling Yard">Maschen</a> near <a href="Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany; it is only slightly smaller than Bailey Yard. The second largest is in the port of <a href="Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium. Most hump yards are single yards with one classification bowl, but some, mostly very large, hump yards have two of them, one for each direction, and thus are double yards, such as the Maschen, Antwerp, Clearing, and Bailey yards.

</p><p>Almost all gravity yards have been retrofitted with humps and are worked as hump yards. Examples include <a href="Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a> Hilbersdorf (today <a href="Saxon_Railway_Museum" title="Saxon Railway Museum">Saxon Railway Museum</a>), Dresden Friedrichstadt and Nürnberg (<a href="Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>) Rbf (Rbf: <i>Rangierbahnhof</i>, "classification yard"), in Germany.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unique_locomotives">Unique locomotives</h2></div>

<p>Hump yards sometimes require unique locomotives, for example, where larger frames may ground. For this and other reasons, one can sometimes find locomotives specifically made or converted to work a hump yard. For example, the <a href="British_Rail_Class_13" title="British Rail Class 13">British Rail Class 13</a> was converted from a pair of <a href="British_Rail_Class_08" title="British Rail Class 08">British Rail Class 08</a> to provide more power than one could get with a single Class 08. The class 13s were built because of the risk of grounding with larger units like the <a href="British_Rail_Class_20" title="British Rail Class 20">British Rail Class 20</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Special locomotives for hump yards in the US were for example the EMD TR family (<a href="EMD_TR" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR">EMD TR</a>, <a href="EMD_TR1" title="EMD TR1">EMD TR1</a>, <a href="EMD_TR2" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR2">EMD TR2</a>, <a href="EMD_TR3" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR3">EMD TR3</a>, <a href="EMD_TR4" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR4">EMD TR4</a>, <a href="EMD_TR5" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR5">EMD TR5</a> and <a href="EMD_TR6" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR6">EMD TR6</a>). These are often referred to as <i><a href="Cow%E2%80%93calf" title="Cow–calf">master and slave</a></i> in GB and <i>cow–calf</i> in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">A <a href="Switcher_locomotive" title="Switcher locomotive">switcher locomotive</a> pushing a car over the hump at Kornwestheim yard</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Mannheim_Rangierbahnhof" title="Mannheim Rangierbahnhof">Mannheim Rangierbahnhof</a>, Germany, two-sided nearly symmetrical systems for opposing directions</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">North Yard in <a href="Denver%2C_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>, a typical U.S. classification yard in 2009</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Chicago_and_North_Western_Railway" title="Chicago and North Western Railway">Chicago and North Western Railway</a>'s Proviso Yard in <a href="Chicago%2C_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, December 1942</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BF%94%E7%AB%99_(%E4%BA%AC%E6%B2%AA%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF)" class="extiw external" title="zh:南翔站 (京沪铁路)">Nanxiang Classification Yard</a> in Shanghai, China</div>

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</ul>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_rail_yards" title="List of rail yards">List of rail yards</a></li>

<li><a href="Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Siding (rail)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_T._Kneafsey1975" class="citation book cs1">James T. Kneafsey (1975). "Major Problems of Railroad Service". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sjJPAAAAMAAJ"><i>Transportation Economic Analysis</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 138. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0669932116</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denkmalpflege in Sachsen, Jahrbuch 2019, Sandsteinverlag, Dresden, 2020.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKöpcke1890" class="citation book cs1">Köpcke, Mitteilungen (1890). <i>aus dem Bereich des englischen Eisenbahnwesens</i>. Leipzig: Der Civilingenieur.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"ABC's of Railroading: Terms of the Trade". <i><a href="Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a></i>. Waukesha, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing. June 1991. p. 22. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-0934">0041-0934</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Rangierdienst A-Z</i>. Berlin: VEB Transpress-Verlag. 1986.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBickerdyke2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Bickerdyke, Paul, ed. (October 2015). "Class 13 Tinsley Shunters". <i>Rail Express</i>. No. 233. Horncastle: Mortons Media Publishing. p. 25. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1362-234X">1362-234X</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSolomonBlaszakGruberGuss2014" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, Brian; Blaszak, Michael; Gruber, John; Guss, Chris (2014-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BOfUBAAAQBAJ&dq=Cow-calf+switcher&pg=PA37"><i>Chicago: America's Railroad Capital: The Illustrated History, 1836 to Today</i></a>. Voyageur Press. p. 37. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7603-4603-7</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1996" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Gerald L. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvSHlCxuyH0C&dq=Cow-calf+switcher&pg=PA10"><i>A Field Guide to Trains of North America</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 10. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-395-70112-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1999" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Keith (1999). <i>Supplement to the West Somerset Railway Stockbook</i> (5th ed.). Bishops Lydeard: West Somerset Railway Association. p. 9.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Industrial Locomotives</i> (6EL ed.). Industrial Railway Society. 1982. p. 232. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-901096-44-X</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>International Railway Journal (IRJ), New York. <i>Special editions about hump yards in various countries:</i> issues II/66, II/70, VI/75, II/80.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong1998" class="citation book cs1">Armstrong, John H. (1998). <i>The Railroad: What It Is, What It Does</i> (4th ed.). Omaha, Nebraska: Simmons-Boardman. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-911382-04-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Rhodes, Michael: <i>The Illustrated History of British Marshalling Yards.</i> Sparkford: Haynes Oxford Publishing & Co, 1988. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-86093-367-9</bdi>. Out of print.</li>

<li>Kraft, Edwin: <i>The Yard: Railroading's Hidden Half.</i> In: <a href="Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a> (vol. 62) 2002. Part I: VI/02, pp. 46–67; Part II: VII/02, pp. 36–47. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-0934">0041-0934</a>.</li>

<li>Wegner, Robert: <i>Classification yards. Map of the Month.</i> In: Trains IV/2003, pp. 42–43.</li>

<li>Rhodes, Michael: <i>North American Railyards.</i> St. Paul (US): Motorbooks International (MBI Publishing Company) 2003. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-7603-1578-7</bdi>.</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Classification_yards" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Classification yards">Classification yards</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nz-n49pIFQ">Time-lapse video of German hump-shunting yard operation</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Rail_infrastructure212" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rail <a href="Infrastructure#Transport_infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Railway_track" title="Railway track">Tracks</a><small> <a href="Permanent_way_(history)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent way (history)">(history)</a>

</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Track_ballast" title="Track ballast">Ballast</a></li>

<li><a href="Baulk_road" title="Baulk road">Baulk road</a></li>

<li><a href="Breather_switch" title="Breather switch">Breather switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Clip_and_scotch" title="Clip and scotch">Clip and scotch</a></li>

<li><a href="Rail_fastening_system" title="Rail fastening system">Fastening system</a></li>

<li><a href="Fishplate" title="Fishplate">Fishplate</a></li>

<li><a href="Ladder_track" title="Ladder track">Ladder track</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimum_railway_curve_radius" title="Minimum railway curve radius">Minimum radius</a></li>

<li><a href="Rail_profile" title="Rail profile">Profile</a></li>

<li><a href="Railroad_tie" title="Railroad tie">Tie/Sleeper</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_transition_curve" title="Track transition curve">Transition curve</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trackwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Headshunt" title="Headshunt">Headshunt</a></li>

<li><a href="Pocket_track" title="Pocket track">Pocket track</a></li>

<li><a href="Junction_(rail)" title="Junction (rail)">Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Gauntlet_track" title="Gauntlet track">Gauntlet track</a></li>

<li><a href="Guide_bar" title="Guide bar">Guide bar</a></li>

<li><a href="Passing_loop" title="Passing loop">Passing loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">dual gauge</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Track_(rail_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Track (rail transport)">Rail track</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tramway_track" title="Tramway track">tramway track</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Railway_electrification" title="Railway electrification">Railway electrification</a>

<ul><li><a href="Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">overhead lines</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_rail" title="Third rail">third rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Ground-level_power_supply" title="Ground-level power supply">ground-level power supply</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Railway_turntable" title="Railway turntable">Railway turntable</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfer_table" title="Transfer table">Transfer table (traverser)</a></li>

<li><a href="Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Siding</a>

<ul><li><a href="Refuge_siding" title="Refuge siding">refuge siding</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Railroad_switch" title="Railroad switch">Switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_geometry" title="Track geometry">Track geometry</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_crane" title="Water crane">Water crane</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_trough" title="Water trough">Water trough</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Railway_signalling" title="Railway signalling">Signalling</a><br>and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anti-trespass_panels" title="Anti-trespass panels">Anti-trespass panels</a></li>

<li><a href="Block_post" title="Block post">Block post</a></li>

<li><a href="Buffer_stop" title="Buffer stop">Buffer stop</a></li>

<li><a href="Catch_points" title="Catch points">Catch points</a></li>

<li><a href="Defect_detector" title="Defect detector">Defect detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Derail" title="Derail">Derailer</a></li>

<li><a href="Guard_rail_(railroad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guard rail (railroad)">Guard rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Interlocking" title="Interlocking">Interlocking</a></li>

<li><a href="Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li>

<li><a href="Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">Loading gauge</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li>

<li><a href="Railway_signal" title="Railway signal">Railway signal</a></li>

<li><a href="Signalling_control" title="Signalling control">Signalling control</a></li>

<li><a href="Structure_gauge" title="Structure gauge">Structure gauge</a></li>

<li><a href="Railroad_signal_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad signal bridge">Signal bridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Train_stop" title="Train stop">Train stop</a></li>

<li><a href="Wayside_horn" title="Wayside horn">Wayside horn</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Coaling_tower" title="Coaling tower">Coaling tower</a></li>

<li><a href="Freight_house" title="Freight house">Freight house</a></li>

<li><a href="Motive_power_depot" title="Motive power depot">Motive power depot</a>/<a href="Railway_workshop" title="Railway workshop">Railway workshop</a></li>

<li><a href="Railway_platform" title="Railway platform">Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Railway_roundhouse" title="Railway roundhouse">Roundhouse</a></li>

<li>Shed

<ul><li><a href="Train_shed" title="Train shed">for trains</a></li>

<li><a href="Goods_shed" title="Goods shed">for goods</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Train_station" title="Train station">Station</a>

<ul><li><a href="Station_building" title="Station building">building</a></li>

<li><a href="Station_clock" title="Station clock">clock</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghost_station" title="Ghost station">ghost</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_stop" title="Water stop">Water stop</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_railway" title="Industrial railway">Industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_railways" title="Military railways">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_railway" title="Private railway">Private</a>

<ul><li><a href="Private_railway_station" title="Private railway station">station</a>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Railway_track_layouts199" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Railway_track_layouts199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Railway</a> track layouts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railway track</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Single-track_railway" title="Single-track railway">Single track</a></li>

<li><a href="Passing_loop" title="Passing loop">Passing loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Double-track_railway" title="Double-track railway">Double track</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadruple-track_railway" title="Quadruple-track railway">Quadruple track</a></li>

<li><a href="Railroad_switch#Crossover" title="Railroad switch">Crossover</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Rail sidings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Headshunt" title="Headshunt">Headshunt</a></li>

<li><a href="Pocket_track" title="Pocket track">Pocket track</a></li>

<li><a href="Refuge_siding" title="Refuge siding">Refuge siding</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Junction_(rail)" title="Junction (rail)">Junctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Flying_junction" title="Flying junction">Flying junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Level_junction" title="Level junction">Level junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_junction" title="Double junction">Double junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Facing_and_trailing" title="Facing and trailing">Facing and trailing</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_union" title="Grand union">Grand union</a></li>

<li><a href="Tram_roundabout" title="Tram roundabout">Grand circle / roundabout</a></li>

<li><a href="Railroad_switch" title="Railroad switch">Switch / turnout / points</a></li>

<li><a href="Swingnose_crossing" title="Swingnose crossing">Swingnose crossing</a></li>

<li><a href="Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Train_station" title="Train station">Stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Railway_platform" title="Railway platform">Railway platform</a>

<li><a href="Island_platform" title="Island platform">Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_platform" title="Split platform">Split</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Terminal_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal station">Terminal station</a></li>

<li><a href="Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_solution" title="Spanish solution">Spanish solution</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-platform_interchange" title="Cross-platform interchange">Cross-platform interchange</a></li>

<li><a href="Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li>

<li><a href="Infill_station" title="Infill station">Infill station</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hillclimbing_(railway)" title="Hillclimbing (railway)">Hillclimbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Horseshoe_curve" title="Horseshoe curve">Horseshoe curve</a></li>

<li><a href="Zig_zag_(railway)" title="Zig zag (railway)">Zig Zag / Switchback</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiral_(railway)" title="Spiral (railway)">Spiral</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Track_geometry" title="Track geometry">Track geometry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruling_gradient" title="Ruling gradient">Ruling gradient</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimum_railway_curve_radius" title="Minimum railway curve radius">Minimum curve radius</a></li>

<li><a href="Cant_deficiency" title="Cant deficiency">Cant deficiency</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519608#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata611" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519608#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata611" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4176942-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571466">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/879b7829-b44e-439b-85e6-e3123e07c208">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Classification_yard&oldid=1304070868">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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